ABSTRACT
Objective:To synthesize and isolate silver and gold nanoparticles from Litchi chinensis leaf methanolic extract,and to evaluate its comparative biological activities including muscles relaxant,analgesic,anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal.Methods:The gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesized by dissolving methanolic extract in gold chloride and silver nitrate solution separately which were confirmed by colour change and UV-Vis spectroscopy,and pellets were collected through centrifugation.Biological activities of the extract were conducted on BALB/c mice through various standard methods and the data were subjected to One-way ANOVA.Results:The colorless gold chloride solution changed to purple soon after the addition of plant extract,demonstrating that the reaction took place and gold ions were reduced to gold nanoparticles,while colorless silver nitrate solution changed to light and dark brown that was indicative of silver nanoparticles.The muscles relaxant activity showed that silver nanoparticles were more effective than gold nanoparticles and methanolic extract in traction test.The analgesic activity showed that silver and gold nanoparticles showed highest percentage decrease in acetic acid induced writhing at the doses of 50,100 and 150 mg/kg b.w.The highest anti-inflammatory activity was produced by gold nanoparticles followed by silver nanoparticles,while low activity was observed in methanolic leaf extract.Only the crude methanolic extract showed significant antidiarrheal activity as compared to the standard drug atropine sulphate,while antidiarrheal activities of gold and silver nanoparticles were non-significant.Contusions:The present work concludes that isolated silver and gold nanoparticles from leaf methanolic extract shows strong muscles relaxant,analgesic and antiinflammatory activities while crude methanolic extract possesses good antidiarrheal activity.
ABSTRACT
This study is carried out to identify the folk knowledge medicinal plants of Tahsil Barawal Bandi, District, and Dir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Various field trips were made to collect medicinal plants and ethno botanical information. A total of 62 species belonging to 36 families have been found to be used by the local people for curing various diseases. This efforts includes the local name, family name, flowering season, part used and folk knowledge of medicinal plants.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To study the screening of essential oils of Skimmia laureola leaves (SLO) for acute toxicity, antinociceptive, antipyretic and anticonvulsant activities in various animal models. Methods: SLO were extracted using modified Clevenger type apparatus. Acute toxicity test was used in mice to observe its safety level. Antinociceptive activity of SLO was evaluated in acetic acid induced writhing and hot plate tests. Yeast induced hyperthermic mice and pentylenetetrazole induced convulsive mice were used for the assessment of its antipyretic and anticonvulsant profile respectively. Results: Substantial safety was observed for SLO in acute toxicity test. SLO showed a high significant activity in acetic acid induced writhing test in a dose dependent manner with maximum pain attenuation of 68.48%at 200 mg/kg i.p. However, it did not produce any relief in thermal induced pain at test doses. When challenged against pyrexia evoked by yeast, SLO manifested marked amelioration in hyperthermic mice, dose dependently. Maximum anti-hyperthermic activity (75%) was observed at 200 mg/kg i.p. after 4 h of drug administration. Nevertheless, SLO had no effect on seizures control and mortality caused by pentylenetetrazole. Conclusions:In vivo studies of SLO showed prominent antinociceptive and antipyretic activities with ample safety profile and thus provided pharmacological base for the traditional uses of the plant in various painful conditions and pyrexia. Additional detail studies are required to ascertain its clinical application.